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' INSUL R.

. INVENTOR WITNESSES;

Patented June 7, 1898.

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l ATEN FRED M. LOCKE, OF VICTOR, NEW YORK.

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SEECIFIGATION formingpart Letters Eatent No. 605,109, dated June 7, 1898.

Application filed April 23. 1898. Serial No. 678,547. (No model.) i

To all whom it may concern.

lieit known that l, FRED M. LOCKE, ofVictor, in the county oi Ontario, in the State of New York, have invented new and useful improvements in Insulators, of which the following, taken in connection with the accompanying drawing, is a full, clear, and exact description. I

This invention relates to improvements in rowinsulators, having more particular reference to those which are made from porcelain or suitable insulating material.

In passing a current of electricity of highvoltage over a wire I have found that the static discharge from tliesurface of the insulator.

supporting the wire or the arcing of the current around the insulator burns the insulatorpin oi? on a plane with the bottom of the petticoat extending th elewest. 4 I have also found that by providing the insulatciuwith a long central petticoat,="which incloses the pin down toa point adjacent to the cross-arm, and by making it small in diameter in proportion to the adjacent petticoats of the insulator aboveit this central piece is the most valuable insulating-surface pf the whole insulator on account of the fact that the area of the surface is so small that butlittle moisture at most can congregate there, it bein onset the principles of insulation that the smaller the conducter the greater the resistance and that the surface oi any insulator is a conductor to a more or less extent when damp.

My object therefore consists in so construct ing an insulator as to prevent this leakage of the current over the insulator to the support, and thereby obviate the burning off of the pin,

The more recent use of high-voltage currents has made it necessary-to secure absolute insulation, so as "to prevent the burning off of the pin upon which the insulators are mounted. Otherwise great damage is done, besides the loss of the electromotive force; and to that end in y invention consists in constructing an insulator having its inner petticoat extending down to a point adjacent to the cross-arms upon which the pin is mounted to serve as a protectingsleeve for the pin and increase the arcing distance ef the current around the insulator.

My invention consists in the several new,

in the claims hereunto annexed.

and novel featu res of constru ctiou hereinafter described, and which are specifically set forth it is construeted as follows, reference being had to the accompanyin g drawing, in which I show a vertieal section of an insulator constructed in accordance with my invention mounted upon a pin secured to the cross-arm.

' A is an insulator constructed of several pieces vor shells, these pieces being secured together in. any suitable manner; While I do not limit myself to the method of securing them together, I ha e found that by coating them with a layer 0 flux, slip, or glaze and then nestingthem together in their 'proper position and then baking-them in the kiln, so as to form practically a siugleinsulator, all constructed in one. piece, to be the more preferable way. I have also found that in many cases it is advisable to turn the insulator up after the parts havebeen nested togethe-rlandto pour into the interstices or crevices between the parts glaze, so that when they are baked or vitrified this glaze will melt down in and fill up the crevices complete, and thereby produce a series e'i' non-puncturable,seams of glaze,

Referring now to the drawing, the insulator Ais formed of the outer shell a and inner shell 2) and a central etticoat 0, so elongated as to form a protecting-sleeve for the insulating-pin, as shown in thedrmvving.- This cen tral piece, or central etticoat, as I choose to call it, may be constructed in two parts (Z c, being secured together, preferably, by coating with flux, slip, or glaze and then vitrifying'the parts together, so as to form but a single piece, It will thus be observed that in the event of the current escaping over the outer shells, if the outer surface of the inner pettieoat does not resist the current, the seam of glaze between the outer shell and inner shell of theinner etticoat will resist it.

Insulators constructed as above described I have found impossibleto'break down by any known current, and l have also found that by allowing-the inner petticoat to extend down, so as to form a sleeve for the purpose of protecting the pin, prevents its being broken off.

f is the pin, constructed in any suitable loo 7 manner, so that the insulator may be mounted or 11101613fl1't3 fitted one into the other, end

eeeurerl together, the inner part being provided w th a socket by which it is mounted, said inner part or sliell extending down to e point mljeeeiii', t the arose-arm, fermirig a sleeve for the purpose of protecting the pin from static discharge, or arcing, or leaking of the'eurreiit around the insuleiior.

2. An insulator made of porcelain, er suitable iiisula-tingmeteriel, eonstriieeed of two or more parts fitted one into the other, end

eeeureditogetlier', seirl inner part exbenrling dowi'i to e point adjacent to the cross-arm, or resting upon the cross-arm, and forming a sleeve for the purpose of protecting Elie pin from static discharge, or ereing er leaking of the current around the insulator.

eeegree .[iii ineulaxior memo of porcelain, 01' suit able insulating; iiieteriel, having one or more pettieoeteflhe inner pettieom being eonstructed of two or more perks; secured together, end extending: down to a point mljeeent to the I CZDSErLil'il, orreeiiii UPON Elie eroee-m'm forming sleeve for the purpose of pretecbing the pin from eieiaie 1i e erge, ereing, or leeking of fee eurrerii, and the insulator.

i.- An ineuleiorn fie eit' poreelein, or other suitable ieerileeing materiel, comm-noted of ewe or more shells, tiered one into the other, end fused together with glaze, the inner shell extending down, ie in point erijeeent to the ereee-erm, or res ting upon the GIOS5-M1D formiiig sleeve for the purpose of preteeeing the pin from static discharge, or arcing, or leek ing of the current around or 'Lhrouglrthe insulator.

In Witness whereof I have hereunto set m y hand this th day ef April, 1898. i

1 FRED M. LOGKE.

in presence ef- W. A. HIGINBOTHAM, Z. f). CURTICE. 

